ABSTRACT
In the current pandemic, which started on last 2020, there are many limitations we should do for reducing the spread of the virus named covid19. Keeping the distance from others is the way to prevent infected covid19. Contactless technology should be developed further, for example, in this paper. Access Control System by Face recognition and Biometrics is one reason to be developed. OpenCV is a tool that will use to build face recognition. This system is only intended for small office areas or smart homes. Currently, only five registered users. The data registration process is carried out outside the system or only loads an algorithm model. This system will also provide information on social media, Whatsapp, if a known person enters the room or an unknown person. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To detect residual RV dysfunction on a right ventricle focused Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) in COVID-19 infection survivors with lung involvement. Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study design. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Abbottabad Pakistan, from Feb 2022 to Apr 2022. Methodology: A total of 87 patients who had suffered from and survived COVID-19 infection with definite involvement on CT scans of the chest were studied after discharge. Echocardiography was done to determine the RV anatomical and functional para-meters to determine the relationship between extent of lung involvement and transthoracic echocardiographic parameters. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Results: The initial sample size was of 87 patients. Due to suboptimal ECHO studies 7 cases were excluded. Males represented 62.5% (n=50) and females 37.5% (n=30). The ages ranged from 27 to 80 years, mean 53.08±12.77 years. Based on the CT severity score severe infections were 61.3 %(n=49) and mild 38.8% (n=31). The CTSS ranged from 6 to 30 with a mean of (17.74±7.13). In our study we found that on TTE, there was a statistically significant difference in 2 of the anatomical parameters;RVOT PLAX (RVOT diameter in Parasternal long axis view) [27.4 vs 28.3;p=0.02], RVOT-Dis (Distal RVOT dia) [22.8 vs 24;p=0.01]. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in all the functional parameters of RV function TDI S vel (Systolic Tissue Doppler Velocity of the Tricuspid Annulus by Tissue doppler imaging) [7 vs4.9;p<0.0001], RIMP-PW (Right Ventricular Index of Myocardial Performance by Pulse wave doppler) [0.46 vs0.38;p<0.0001], RIMP-TDI (Right Ventricular Index of Myocardial Performance by Tissue doppler imaging) [0.57 vs 0.48;p<0.0001]. RV-FAC (RV-Fractional Area Change) was statistically insignificant. [42.8% vs 43.2%;p=0.6]. Conclusion: Our study showed that in patients with definite lung involvement on chest CT scans, functional echocardio-graphic parameters of Right ventricular function were affected in line with the severity of lung involvement. © 2022, Army Medical College. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Trends and sources of air pollution at twenty-five traffic Intersections (TIs) before and during covid-19 lockdown were investigated in Ibadan, Nigeria. The relationships among climatic parameters, vehicular counts and ten air pollutants which includes particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10 & Total Suspended Particles-TSP) and gaseous pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, NH3, total volatile organic compounds-TVOCs, and ground level O3) measured simultaneously at TIs were analysed. Results indicated significant decrease in mean concentrations of all pollutants studied except NO2 with 212% increase during the study period. Concentrations of gaseous pollutants CO, SO2, NH3, TVOCs and ground level O3 reduced by 7.92%, 24.80%, 1.58%, 44.08% and 4.28%, respectively while particulates concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and TSP concentrations decreased by 49.64%, 60.79%, 81.21% and 84.17%, respectively during lockdown. An integrated source apportionment approach using Pearson’s correlation, Airflow backward trajectories arriving in the study area and Principal component analysis (PCA) identified vehicular emission as the primary source of studied air pollutants at TIs before and during lockdown in Ibadan. Emission from residences, roadside fuel combustion and local air transport of pollutants from nearby upwind areas with industries and farming activities were identified as secondary sources of air pollution affecting the study area. © 2022, University of Ilorin, Faculty of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: The COVID-19 has been spread to all over the world. Numerous people still not obey the health protocols that imposed by government. This study aisms to examine in depth the application of health protocols in preventing and controlling of COVID-19 in Muna District. Methods: This research employed an descriptve qualitative research design using semistructed interviews and a purposive sampling approach. The data collection methods was included indept interviews with some key-persons that responsible for COVID-19 prevention and control programs in Muna Regency of Souteast Sulawesi Province of Indonesia and community members. The informants of this study were the the head of COVID-19 task force as key informant;the head of law deparment, a member of the legislative commission for health, a military member and a police, as well as the public. The data was analysed thematically using Nvivo V.12 Plus Software. Results: 1) The role of militery and police as supervisors in implementing health protocol has been carried out well. 2) The implementation of individual health protocols has been carried out, however people with low level of awareness was still lacking about the importance of implementing health protocols such as washing hands, maintaining distance and wearing masks. 3) The application of health protocols for business actors has been carried out, however business owners may still open their businesses (finances matter) but they are required to apply health protocols. 4) The implementation of health protocols in community groups has been carried out and there are some members of the community who care about handling the acceleration of COVID-19, together with local governments to assist with the implementation of health protocols. 5) The regional government provides guidance to the community to participate in efforts to prevent and control Covid-19, conduct security/surveillance in every day, target mass crowds in some areas. Conclusion: Supervision and implementation among citizen in rural area must be regulated strictly and community empowerment is crucial.
ABSTRACT
The global demand for non-dairy beverages has sky rocketed especially so during this Covid-19 pandemic for potential health benefits. Development of probiotic strains from fermented cereal and legumes with the ability to grow well and adapt to gastrointestinal conditions at the same time possess high therapeutic ability will be a great achievement. This study aimed at isolating and screening probiotic potential Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) involved in traditional fermentation of cereals (maize, sorghum and millet). A total of ten isolates were obtained from the cereals out of which five isolates that met preliminary attributes of probiotic bacteria were selected for further investigation. Two isolates SPU2 and FPU1 were found to survive a low pH which is a desirable attribute for the survival of probiotic bacteria in the gut. MPU1, FPU1 and SPU2 are possible thermophiles and can survive at low pH and moderate high salt concentration. The enzymes DNase and gelatinase used to test pathogenicity of a microorganism were not produced by all the isolates in this study. The isolates recorded a high susceptibility to the eight antibiotics. This study also revealed that the tested isolates have the ability to grow well even at the minimum tested pH of 1.0 for 1 and 2 h of incubation, respectively. Most isolates were resistant to 0.3% bile concentration with over 92% survival. FPU1 was more resistant at bile concentration of 1% than all the rest while MPU1 was most resistant at 2% bile salt. Traditionally fermented cereals are potential sources of safe bacteria that can be tried in the production of functional foods.
ABSTRACT
Background Separate studies suggest that the risks from smoking might vary between high-income (HICs), middle-income (MICs), and low-income (LICs) countries, but this has not yet been systematically examined within a single study using standardised approaches. We examined the variations in risks from smoking across different country income groups and some of their potential reasons. Methods We analysed data from 134 909 participants from 21 countries followed up for a median of 11.3 years in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort study;9711 participants with myocardial infarction and 11 362 controls from 52 countries in the INTERHEART case-control study;and 11 580 participants with stroke and 11 331 controls from 32 countries in the INTERSTROKE case-control study. In PURE, all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular disease, cancers, respiratory diseases, and their composite were the primary outcomes for this analysis. Biochemical verification of urinary total nicotine equivalent was done in a substudy of 1000 participants in PURE. Findings In PURE, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the composite outcome in current smokers (vs never smokers) was higher in HICs (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.65-2.12) than in MICs (1.41, 1.34-1.49) and LICs (1.35, 1 .25-1.46;interaction p<0.0001). Similar patterns were observed for each component of the composite outcome in PURE, myocardial infarction in INTERHEART, and stroke in INTERSTROKE. The median levels of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide displayed on the cigarette packs from PURE HICs were higher than those on the packs from MICs. In PURE, the proportion of never smokers reporting high second-hand smoke exposure (>= 1 times/day) was 6.3% in HICs, 23.2% in MICs, and 14.0% in LICs. The adjusted geometric mean total nicotine equivalent was higher among current smokers in HICs (47.2 mu M) than in MICs (31. 1 mu M) and LICs (25.2 mu M;ANCOVA p<0.0001). By contrast, it was higher among never smokers in LICs (18.8 mu M) and MICs (11.3 mu M) than in HICs (5.0 mu M;ANCOVA p=0.0001). Interpretation The variations in risks from smoking between country income groups are probably related to the higher exposure of tobacco-derived toxicants among smokers in HICs and higher rates of high second-hand smoke exposure among never smokers in MICs and LICs. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to design, assess, and improve the reliability of the telemedicine-based system for examination and monitoring of the symptoms of silent hypoxia–an extraordinary symptom of COVID-19. We design a telemedicine system for heart rate and oxygen saturation measurement which consists of a photoplethysmograph Max30100 sensor, NodeMCU microcontroller, real-time clock module, firebase realtime database, and Android-based mobile application. The designed system is tested through a comparative test with a commercially available oximeter. A total of 85 experiments from 40 participants in two different positions were conducted. Our analysis shows the accuracy rate of the Max30100 measurement is 97.11% and 98.84%, for heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2), respectively. Bland Altman was used to appraising and visualizing the agreement between the two measurement devices. We further apply calibration to improve the accuracy of the collected data through linear regression, which reveals 97.14% and 99% accuracy data for heart rate and SpO2, respectively. Finally, a series of end-to-end remote testing is successfully conducted representing the real-life scenario of the telemedicine system. Overall, the designed system attains a reliable option for a telemedicine-based system for examination of the symptoms of silent hypoxia. © 2021 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.